A steel buttweld fittings are defined as a part, used in a piping system to change direction or function, which is mechanically joined to the system. Probably the simplest way to achieve this would be to bend the pipe in the direction required, but this process will stretch and thin the outer wall whilst thickening and wrinkling the inner wall. This results in flow resistance and accelerated wall erosion. A second method sometimes used is a mitred joint, where steel buttweld fittings are cut to the correct angle and welded together to achieve the desired change. Whilst the cross-section area and wall thickness are maintained a great deal of efficiency is lost due to friction and turbulence resulting from the severe change in direction; for example a single-mitred bend offers about six times the resistance of a swept elbow. For these reasons swept fittings are preferred on most piping systems, particularly where internal pressure, flow and corrosion are major considerations.

• Types And Applications : A piping systems using butt Welding fittings has many inherent advantages over other forms. (a) Welding a fitting to the pipe means that it is permanently leak proof. (b) The continuous metal structure formed between pipes and fitting adds strength to the systems. (c) Smooth inner surface and gradual directional changes reduce pressure losses, turbulence and minimizes the action of corrosion and erosion. (d) A welded system utilizes a minimum of space. The function of an elbow is to change direction of flow in a piping system. Elbows are split into three groups, which define the distance over which they change direction, which is expressed as a function of the distance from center line of one end to the opposite face. This is known as the center to face distance and is equivalent to the radius through which the elbow is bent.
• Long Radius Elbow The most common is the long radius (L.R.) elbow where the center to face dimension is always 1.5 times the nominal pipe size of the elbow. Short
• Radius Elbow In this case the centre dimension is the same as the nominal pipe size of the elbow.
• Extra Long Radius This is where the centre to face dimension is longer than the standard long radius type. The most common of these is where the centre to face dimension is three times, five times, ten times the nominal size, i.e. 3D, 5D, 10D etc.

We offer buttweld pipe fittings to our clients with 45 deg elbow, 180 deg elbow fittings as per drawings, etc. These buttweld pipe fittings are widely used in dairy, breweries, mineral water, cosmetics, chemicals, distilleries, food, soft drinks, pharmaceuticals, process control and allied industries. Tested stringently for quality, these steel pipe fittings have the following specifications:

• Size Range 1. ¼" O.D. - 8" O.D. 2. ¼" N.B. - 8" N.B.
• Standards DIN / TRICLOVER / IDF / SMS / BSP / NPT
• Material: 1. Stainless steel: ASTM A403 WP304, 304L, 304H, 310, 316, 316L, 321, 321H, 347

The function of an end caps fittings are to block off the end of a line in a piping system. This caps fittings are achieved by placing the end cap over the open line and welding around the joint.

The functions of both types of eccentric & concentric reducers are to reduce the line from a larger to a smaller pipe size, this obviously results in an increased flow pressure. With the eccentric reducer the smaller outlet end is off centre to the larger end enabling  it to line up with one side of the inlet and not with the other. The concentric reducer is so manufactured that both inlet and outlet ends are on a common centre line. The concentric type is easier and less expensive to produce but does not allow quite the same versatility as the eccentric reducer. The lengths of eccentric & concentric reducers are fixed by manufacturing standards.

The function of a equal & reducing tees is to permit flow at 90 to the main direction of flow. The main flow passes through the run whilst the 90 outlet is known as the branch. The equal tee is manufactured with all three outlets being the same size. The equal & reducing tees are manufactured with the branch outlet smaller than the run to obtain the desired flow and pressure through the system.

A lap joints stub ends and it associated slip on flange in a piping system allows quick disconnection of the particular section involved. Stub ends are installed in pairs and mated together with two lap joint flanges. The surface of the stub end has a phonographic serrated gasket surface which prevents leakage at the joint. Using stub ends allows sections of the line to be opened for cleaning, inspection or quick replacement etc, without the need to re-weld. There lap joints stub ends are two basic types of stub end, A.S.A.long barrel, and M.S.S. short barrel. Under certain design criteria such as temperature or pressure etc, it is not acceptable to have the joint between stub end and pipe in close proximity with the flange joint; in these applications A.S.A. types are used.